A world-first Australian study is using DNA to identify a person’s genetic risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) to understand how their immune system responds to a common virus linked to the disease.
Led by Dr David Stacey at the University of South Australia, the study is part of MS Australia’s latest Incubator Grant round, which supports out-of-the-box ideas aimed at opening new directions in MS research.
The project will employ an approach known as 'recall by genotype'. It selects participants based on whether they have a high or low genetic risk of developing MS. This approach has not been used in MS research, either in Australia or internationally.
The study will compare immune system and viral response markers in both groups. A key focus is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a prevalent virus that causes glandular fever and is a necessary step in the development of MS.
Most people are infected with EBV during their lifetime, but only a small percentage go on to develop MS. Researchers believe that differences in how the immune system responds to the virus could help explain why.
“It’s like studying the immune system’s blueprint before the disease starts,” said Dr Stacey.
“Most MS studies compare people who already have the disease with those who don’t. By focusing on people who don’t have MS but carry different levels of genetic risk, we’re hoping to uncover early immune system changes that might help explain who develops MS and why.
“It could also help identify early biological markers that show when MS might be starting to develop. This may lead to earlier detection, new treatments or even prevention.”
The study will also examine the ethical and social implications of using personal genetic information to invite people into research, including how to communicate genetic risk effectively and ensure that participation is fully informed. Dr Stacey’s study is one of four projects funded through MS Australia’s 2025 Incubator Grant program.
“Some of the most exciting breakthroughs begin with a bold question and a well-placed investment,” said Dr Tennille Luker, Head of Research at MS Australia.
“Our Incubator Grants are designed to encourage new ideas while helping grow and strengthen a world-class Australian MS research community.”
More than 33,000 Australians live with MS, a number that is increasing at an alarming rate. While treatments have improved significantly, there is still no cure for the disease.
“Our mission is to accelerate research and improve outcomes for every person living with MS,” said Rohan Greenland, CEO of MS Australia. “By backing ambitious science and investing in brilliant researchers, we’re creating the conditions for breakthroughs to emerge."